The above photos demonstrate the conditions a typical puppy mill dog lives in. When a commercial breeder cares more about making a profit than providing a safe, healthy environment for the dogs, the standards of care are well below what the average dog owner would consider acceptable. The mothers are kept in cramped wire cages or kennels, often with poor climate control and minimal cleaning. They are not regularly groomed or provided with medical care.

The Texas puppy mill bill, known as the Large-Scale Commercial Dog and Cat Breeder Bill, took effect on September 1, 2012. It provides guidelines for the treatment of animals in large-scale commercial breeding operations in Texas, defined as breeders who keep 11 or more breeding females or sell 20 or more puppies or kittens a year. The law specifies that certain parameters exist for such animals, including feeding, space, shelter, ventilation and medical care, and is administered by the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation.

Responsible breeders will meet you in person, allow you to see the puppy’s mother in her living conditions and be able to provide medical records and licensing upon request. These breeders carefully monitor the mother’s health and only plan on a certain number of litters. A responsible breeder will likely want to visit your home prior to approving your purchase, as they want to make sure it is a safe and caring environment for the puppy.